Separators and Piping Systems

Design rules for separators, pumps, piping, and instrumentation, focusing on flow stability, erosion prevention, and accurate measurement.

Separators, Pumps, and Piping Essentials

These components ensure phase separation, flow control, and measurement accuracy in processes.

Separators

  • Vertical Gas-Liquid: L/D 2–4; Souders-Brown eq. sizes via V_max = C √[(ρ_L - ρ_V)/ρ_V] for disengagement.
  • Three-Phase Horizontal: Weirs maintain oil level, overflowing to separate from water.

Pumps and Flow

  • Parallel Pumps: Steep curves for stable sharing; flat ones overload one unit.
  • Gas Velocity: ≤18 m/s (API 14E) to avoid erosion/noise.
  • Control Valves: Absorb ≥30% system friction for control.

Piping and Instrumentation

  • Straight Runs: Ensure developed flow for orifice plates.
  • P&IDs: PFDs show flows/conditions; P&IDs add piping/controls. Car seals (CSO/CSC) lock valves for safety.

These flashcards aid in stable, erosion-free designs.

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What is the typical length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio for a vertical gas-liquid separator?

The typical L/D ratio for a vertical gas-liquid separator is between 2 and 4.

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